Uses of Hydrochloric Acid: 5 Industrial and Household Applications

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), also known as muriatic acid, is one of the strongest and most important acids in the chemical industry. In this article, we explore the main uses of hydrochloric acid that make it an indispensable component in many daily and industrial processes.

1. Steel Pickling and Cleaning

One of the largest uses of hydrochloric acid is in “steel pickling,” where it is used to remove rust and iron oxides from the surface of steel before it undergoes further processing like coating or galvanizing. This process is essential to ensure the quality and durability of the final product.

2. pH Control and Neutralization

Hydrochloric acid is widely used to neutralize alkaline solutions and adjust the pH in many industrial processes, such as wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical production, and food manufacturing. Its ability to react quickly makes it an ideal choice for this task.

3. Household Cleaning and Descaling

In diluted concentrations, hydrochloric acid is an effective ingredient in many powerful household cleaners. It is excellent for removing limescale from toilets and cleaning tiles and concrete surfaces from cement and rust stains. It must be used with extreme caution and good ventilation.

4. Food Industry

Hydrochloric acid is used in the production of some food products as an acidity regulator. For example, it is used in the production of corn syrup, gelatin, and soy sauce. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) confirms its safe use within permissible limits in the food industry.

5. Oil and Gas Production

In the oil sector, hydrochloric acid is used in a process called “well acidizing.” It is pumped into wells to dissolve rocks and minerals, creating new channels and increasing the porosity of the rock, thereby facilitating the flow of oil and gas to the well surface.

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Important Safety Warning

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between hydrochloric acid and muriatic acid?

Muriatic acid is the common trade name for hydrochloric acid and is usually less pure, containing impurities that give it a yellowish color. Pure hydrochloric acid, on the other hand, is colorless.

Can hydrochloric acid be used to clean swimming pools?

Yes, it is used to lower the pH of swimming pool water when it is too alkaline. This helps the chlorine to be more effective in disinfection and prevents the formation of scale.